Abrasions
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2019, May 14). Cuts, scrapes & scar management: Parent FAQs. Available at: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Treating-Cuts.aspx
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Bultas, M. W., & Oldenburg, A. P. (2023). Minor skin injuries at school: The role of the school nurse. NASN School Nurse (Print), 38(2), 79–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X221144304
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2022, October). What to do about cuts. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cuts-sheet.htmlb
Staywell Company. (2022, December 1). Self-care for cuts, scrapes, and burns. Available at: https://patienteducation.nationwidechildrens.org/RelatedItems/3,84649
Abuse
Brous, E. (2019). The law and school nursing practice. In J. Selekman, R. Shannon & C. Yonkaitis (Eds.), School Nursing: A Comprehensive Text (pp.136-153). F.A. Davis.
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Gordon, S. & Selekman, J. (2019). Student victimization. In J. Selekman, R. Shannon & C. Yonkaitis (Eds.), School Nursing: A Comprehensive Text (pp. 790-822). F.A. Davis.
Lucas, C., Crowell, K. R., & Olympia, R. P. (2021). School nurses on the front lines of healthcare: Red flags and red herrings: Improving the recognition of bruises and burns associated with physical abuse in school-age children. NASN School Nurse (Print), 36(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X20942922
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Association of School Nurses. (2023). Prevention and management of child maltreatment (Position Statement). Author. Available at: https://www.nasn.org/nasn-resources/professional-practice-documents/position-statements/ps-child-maltreatment
National Criminal Justice Training Center. Fox Valley Technical College. (n.d.). Responding to disclosures of child abuse. Available at: https://ncjtc-static.fvtc.edu/resources/RS01160633.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Amputation/Avulsion
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2022, May). Fingertip injuries and amputations. Available at: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/fingertip-injuries-and-amputations
Healthwise, Incorporated. (2023, July 10). Cut that removes all layer of skin.
Available at: https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.cut-that-removes-all-layers-of-skin.sig3126
Healthwise, Incorporated. (2023, July 10). Emergency care for an accidental amputation. Available at: https://www.nyp.org/healthlibrary/articles/emergency-care-for-an-accidental-amputation
Nationwide Children’s. (2023). Crush injuries of the fingertip. Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/crush-injuries-of-the-fingertip
Staywell Company. (2022, April 1). Abrasions. Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/abrasions
Allergic Reaction
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. (2020). Anaphylaxis emergency action plan. Available at: https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Libraries/Anaphylaxis-Emergency-Action-Plan_FILLABLE.pdf
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Bingemann, T. A., Nanda, A., & Russell, A. F. (2021). Pharmacology update: School nurse role and emergency medications for treatment of anaphylaxis. NASN School Nurse (Print), 36(5), 264–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X211021902
Campbell, R.L. & Kelso, J. M. (2023, June 24). Anaphylaxis: Emergency treatment. In R.M. Walls & A.G. Randolph (Eds.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anaphylaxis-emergency-treatment
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Association of School Nurses. (2020). Allergic reaction. Algorithm for management of medical emergencies. Available at: https://learn.nasn.org/courses/25694/sections/28761/documents/33772
National Association of School Nurses. (2023, August). Anaphylaxis algorithm. Available at: https://learn.nasn.org/courses/58035/sections/65963/documents/86138
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Asthma/Difficulty Breathing/Respiratory Distress
American Academy of Pediatrics, National Association of School Nurses. (2014). PedFACTs: Pediatric first aid for caregivers and teachers (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Cosby, M.F, Lyons, E., Prestidge, L. (2019). Students with acute illness and injury. In J. Selekman, R.A. Shannon, & C.F. Yonkaitis (Eds.), School nursing: A comprehensive text (pp. 415-455). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Association of School Nurses. (2020). Asthma/Wheezing/Breathing difficulty. Algorithm for management of medical emergencies. Available at: https://learn.nasn.org/courses/25694/sections/28761/documents/33773
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022, December 30). Emergency symptoms not to miss. Available at: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/emergency-symptoms-not-to-miss/
Back Pain
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2016, May 17). Back pain in children and teens. Available at: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/Pages/Back-Pain-in-Children-Teens.aspx
Moreno, M. A. (2017, March). Low back pain in children and adolescents. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(3). Available at: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2604754
Nationwide Children’s Hospital. (2022, August). Management of nonspecific back pain. Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/helping-hands/management-of-nonspecific-back-pain
Nigrovic, P. A. (2023, October 11). Back pain in children and adolescents: Evaluation. In J.E. Drutz S. C. Li, W. A. Phillips (Eds.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/back-pain-in-children-and-adolescents-evaluation
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022, December 30). Emergency symptoms not to miss. Available at: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/emergency-symptoms-not-to-miss/
Back Pain After Injury
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2016, May 17). Back pain in children and teens. Available at: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/orthopedic/Pages/Back-Pain-in-Children-Teens.aspx
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Moreno, M. A. (2017, March). Low back pain in children and adolescents. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(3). Available at: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2604754
Nationwide Children’s Hospital. (2022, August). Management of nonspecific back pain. Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/helping-hands/management-of-nonspecific-back-pain
Nigrovic, P. A. (2023, October 11). Back pain in children and adolescents: Evaluation. In J.E. Drutz S. C. Li, W. A. Phillips (Eds.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/back-pain-in-children-and-adolescents-evaluation
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022, December 30). Emergency symptoms not to miss. Available at: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/emergency-symptoms-not-to-miss/
Bee Sting
American Academy of Dermatology Association. (n.d.). Bug bites and stings: When to see a dermatologist. Available at: https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/injured-skin/bites/bug-bites-see-dermatologist
American Academy of Dermatology Association. (n.d.). How to treat a bee sting. Available at: https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/injured-skin/bites/treat-bee-sting
American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. (2023, June 28). Insect sting allergies. Available at: https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/insect-sting-allergies/
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (2018, May 31). Bees, wasps, and hornets. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/insects/beeswasphornets.html
Bites
American Red Cross. (n.d.). Animal bites. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/animal-bites
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Baddour, L.M. & Harper, M. (2023, December 20). Animal bites (dogs, cats, and other mammals): Evaluation and management. In A. B. Wolfson (Ed.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/animal-bites-dogs-cats-and-other-mammals-evaluation-and-management
Baddour, L.M. & Harper, M. (2024, January 31). Human bites: Evaluation and management. In A.B. Wolfson (Ed.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-bites-evaluation-and-management
Bultas, M. W., & Oldenburg, A. P. (2023). Minor skin injuries at school: The role of the school nurse. NASN School Nurse (Print), 38(2), 79–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X221144304
Collins, R., Wallin, R., & Park, K. (2019). School nursing protocol for the management of human bites. NASN School Nurse (Print), 34(6), 351–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X19844261
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Library of Medicine. (2022, April 16). Human bites- self-care. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000736.htm
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2023, March). Animal bites and scratches. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bites.html?ref=search
Bleeding
American Red Cross. Bleeding, life-threating external. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/bleeding-life-threatening-external
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Harvard Health Publishing. (2017, February 3). Emergencies and first Aid – Direct pressure to stop bleeding. Available at: https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/emergencies-and-first-aid-direct-pressure-to-stop-bleeding
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Staywell Company. (2022, September 1). First aid- Bleeding. Available at: https://patienteducation.nationwidechildrens.org/RelatedItems/3,83414
Blisters
American Academy of Dermatology Association. (n.d.). How to prevent and treat blisters. Available at: https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/injured-skin/burns/prevent-treat-blisters
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Bultas, M. W., & Oldenburg, A. P. (2023). Minor skin injuries at school: The role of the school nurse. NASN School Nurse (Print), 38(2), 79–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X221144304
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nationwide Children’s. The ABCs of blister care. Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/sports-medicine/sports-medicine-articles/the-abcs-of-blister-care
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Zone, J.J. (2023, November 3). Friction blisters. In a P. Fricker & J. Callen (Eds.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/friction-blisters
Bruises
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Gordon, S. & Selekman, J. (2019). Student victimization. In J. Selekman, R. Shannon & C. Yonkaitis (Eds.), School Nursing: A Comprehensive Text (pp. 790-822). F.A. Davis.
Krugman, S. D. (2022, September 19). When a bruise isn’t just a bruise. Available at: https://publications.aap.org/journal-blogs/blog/22351/When-a-Bruise-Isn-t-Just-a-Bruise?autologincheck=redirected
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nationwide Children’s. (2021, October 29). My child has a bruise: When should I worry? Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/700childrens/2021/10/child-bruise-when-to-worry
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2022, April). Bruises. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bruises.html
Wiederman, B. (2018, March 6). Bruising in children- When to evaluate. Available at: https://publications.aap.org/journal-blogs/blog/2184/Bruising-in-Children-When-to-Evaluate
Burns
American Academy of Dermatology Association. (n.d.). How to treat a first-degree, minor burn. Available at: https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/injured-skin/burns/treat-minor-burns
American Burn Association. (2020). First aid for minor burns. Available at: https://ameriburn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/first-aid-fact-sheet.pdf
American Red Cross. (n.d.). Burns: How to help. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/burns
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Bultas, M. W., & Oldenburg, A. P. (2023). Minor skin injuries at school: The role of the school nurse. NASN School Nurse (Print), 38(2), 79–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X221144304
Chang, P. H., & Swan-Mahony, A. (2016). The ABCs of burn care for school-age children. NASN School Nurse (Print), 31(6), 364–367. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X16671326
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Library of Medicine. (2022, August 15). Minor burns- aftercare. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000662.htm
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Wiktor, A. & Richards, D. (2022, October 27). Treatment of minor thermal burns. In M.E. Moreira & S. B. Torrey (Eds.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-minor-thermal-burns
Cold Sores
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2017, July 11). Cold sores in children: About the herpes simplex virus. Available at: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Herpes-Simplex-Virus-Cold-Sores.aspx
Bock, K. & Kronberg, S. (n.d.). Name That rash! Common skin eruptions in children and teens. Available at: https://www.childrensmercy.org/siteassets/media-documents-for-depts-section/documents-for-in-the-community/school-health-support/name-that-rash-common-skin-eruptions-in-children.pdf
Illinois Department of Public Health. (2024, March 4). Communicable disease school nurse guidance. Available at: https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/infectious-diseases/cd-school-nurse-guidance.html
Jakubowski, T. L., Perron, T. J., & Teixeira, E. (2015). Rashes in school: Can they stay, or should they go?. NASN School Nurse (Print), 30(5), 274–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X15596815
Nationwide Children’s Hospital. (2017). Mouth sores (viral) herpes gingivostomatitis. Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/mouth-sores
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2019, February). Cold sores. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cold-sores.html
Texas Department of State Health Services. (2022, July 29). Communicable disease chart and notes for schools and childcare centers. Available at: https://www.dshs.texas.gov/sites/default/files/schoolhealth/docs/Communicable%20Disease%20Chart-Schools%20and%20Childcare%20Centers-072922.pdf
World Health Organization. (2023, April 5). Herpes simplex virus. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/herpes-simplex-virus
Dental Injury
American Red Cross. (2020). American Red Cross focused updates and guidelines 2020. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/training-services/course-fact-sheets/American-Red-Cross-Focused-Updates-and-Guidelines-2020.pdf
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Fouad, A.F., Abbott, P.V., Tsilingaridis, G, et al. (2020). International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol, 36(4):331-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12573.
McTigue, D.J. & Azadani, E. (2023, April 18). Evaluation and management of dental injuries in children. In A. Griffen & R.G. Bachur (Eds.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-and-management-of-dental-injuries-in-children
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2018, July). First aid: Teeth injuries. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tooth-sheet.html
Diarrhea
American Red Cross. (n.d.). Diarrhea. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/diarrhea
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Library of Medicine. (2023, November 6). When you have diarrhea. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000121.htm
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2022, July). What to do about diarrhea. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/diarrhea-sheet.html
O’Ryan, M. G. & Levy, J. (2022, July 27). Patient education: Acute diarrhea in children (Beyond the Basics). In S. M. Misra & B. UK Li (Eds.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-diarrhea-in-children-beyond-the-basics/print
Drainage in the Ear
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Library of Medicine. (2022, May 30). Ear emergencies. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000052.htm
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Ear-Object in the
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Library of Medicine. (2022, May 30). Ear emergencies. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000052.htm
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Earache
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Library of Medicine. (2022, May 30). Ear emergencies. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000052.htm
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Electric Shock
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2019, September 26). Electric shock injuries in children. Available at: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Electric-Shock.aspx
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Eye-Chemical in Eye
American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2023, April 10). Recognizing and treating eye injuries. Available at: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2023). How to handle an eye injury. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eye-injuries-sheet.html
Eye Injury
American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2023, April 10). Recognizing and treating eye injuries. Available at: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Prevent Blindness. (n.d.). Your sight. Preventing eye injuries. First aid for eye emergencies. Available at: https://preventblindness.org/first-aid-for-eye-emergencies/
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2023). How to handle an eye injury. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eye-injuries-sheet.html
Eye-Particle in the Eye
American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2022, March 9). First aid for eye scratches. Available at: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/first-aid-eye-scratches
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Prevent Blindness. (n.d.). Your sight. Preventing eye injuries. First aid for eye emergencies. Available at: https://preventblindness.org/first-aid-for-eye-emergencies/
Nemours Foundation. (2023). How to handle an eye injury. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eye-injuries-sheet.html
Fainting
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Brigham, E., Brady, J., & Olympia, R. P. (2019). School nurses on the front lines of medicine: Emergencies associated with sport and physical activities: Part 1. NASN School Nurse (Print), 34(3), 155–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X18819223
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Hackett, G., Brady, J., & Olympia, R. P. (2018). School nurses on the front lines of medicine: The approach to a student after a syncopal event: Don’t “PASS OUT”. NASN School Nurse (Print), 33(4), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X18762091
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2022, July). First aid: Fainting. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fainting-sheet.html
Fever
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2020). Fever. Available at: https://northseattlepediatrics.com/wp-content/plugins/appleseed-aap-parent-education/pdf/ppe_document050_en.pdf
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022, December 30). Emergency symptoms not to miss. Available at: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/emergency-symptoms-not-to-miss/
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022). Fever age 6-21. Available at: https://northseattlepediatrics.com/wp-content/plugins/appleseed-aap-parent-education/pdf/ppe_schmitt_106.pdf [downloads as pdf]
Nemours Foundation. (2023, January). What to do about a fever (high temperature). Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fever-sheet.html
Ward, M. A. (2024, February 29). Patient education: Fever in children. (Beyond the basics). In M. S. Edwards (Ed). UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fever-in-children-beyond-the-basics
Fracture
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2018, July). First aid: Strains and sprains. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/strains-sprains-sheet.html
Frostbite
American Red Cross. (n.d.). Frostbite. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/frostbite
American Red Cross. (n.d.). How to identify and treat hypothermia and frostbite. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/types-of-emergencies/winter-storm/hypothermia-and-frostbite.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, February 6). Preventing frostbite. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/prevention/preventing-frostbite.html
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Children’s Health. (2018, July). First aid: Frostbite. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/frostbite-sheet.html
Headache
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Bonthius, D.J. & Hershey, A.D. (2022, November 10). Patient education: Headache in children (Beyond the basics). Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/headache-in-children-beyond-the-basics?search=headache&topicRef=2842&source=see_link
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Children’s Health. (2023, March). What to do about headaches. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/headaches-sheet.html
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022). Headache- migraine. Available at: https://northseattlepediatrics.com/wp-content/plugins/appleseed-aap-parent-education/pdf/ppe_schmitt_125.pdf
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022). Headache – muscle tension. Available at: https://northseattlepediatrics.com/wp-content/plugins/appleseed-aap-parent-education/pdf/ppe_schmitt_126.pdf
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022). Headache- symptom. Available at: https://northseattlepediatrics.com/wp-content/plugins/appleseed-aap-parent-education/pdf/ppe_schmitt_127.pdf
UpToDate. (n.d.). Patient education: Migraine in children (The basics). Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/migraine-in-children-the-basics
Head Injury
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2019). Minor head injuries in children. Available at: https://northseattlepediatrics.com/wp-content/plugins/appleseed-aap-parent-education/pdf/peo_document073_en.pdf
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2020). Sports-related concussions. Available at: https://northseattlepediatrics.com/wp-content/plugins/appleseed-aap-parent-education/pdf/peo_document287_en.pdf
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2023, April 10). Head injury: What to do if your child loses consciousness. Available at: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Loss-of-Consciousness.aspx
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, August). Concussions signs and symptoms checklist. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/media/pdfs/schools/TBI_schools_checklist_508-a.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Intermountain Healthcare. (2024, January). Post-concussion symptom scale (PCSS). Available at: https://intermountainhealthcare.org/ckr-ext/Dcmnt?ncid=529847125
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2018, June). First aid: Head injuries. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/head-injuries-sheet.html
Nemours Foundation. (2023, July). Concussions. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/concussions.html
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Olympia R. P. (2017). School nurses on the front lines of medicine. NASN School Nurse (Print), 32(1), 25–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X16665219
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022, December 30). Emergency symptoms not to miss. Available at: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/emergency-symptoms-not-to-miss/
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022). Head injury. Available at: https://northseattlepediatrics.com/wp-content/plugins/appleseed-aap-parent-education/pdf/ppe_schmitt_124.pdf
StayWell Company. (2022, December 1). First aid: Head injuries. Available at:
Heat Stroke
American Red Cross. (n.d.). Heat exhaustion. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/heat-exhaustion
American Red Cross. (n.d.). Heat stroke. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/heat-stroke
American Red Cross. (2020). American Red Cross focused updates and guidelines 2020. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/training-services/course-fact-sheets/American-Red-Cross-Focused-Updates-and-Guidelines-2020.pdf
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heat stress. First aid for heat illness. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/UserFiles/works/pdfs/2024-100.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Ishimine, P. (2022, November 15). Heat stroke in children. In D.F. Danzl (Ed), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/heat-stroke-in-children
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2022, May 13). Heat stress – Heat related illness. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/heatrelillness.html
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2018, June). First aid: Head injuries. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/head-injuries-sheet.html
Nemours Foundation. (2023, March). How to handle heat illness. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/heat-exhaustion-heatstroke-sheet.html
O’Connor, F.G. & Casa, D. J. (2023, September 12). Exertional heat illness in adolescents and adults: Management and prevention. In D.F. Danzl & K.B. Fields (Eds.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/exertional-heat-illness-in-adolescents-and-adults-management-and-prevention
StayWell Company, LLC. (2022, September 1). First aid: Heat exposure. Available at: https://patienteducation.nationwidechildrens.org/RelatedItems/3,83434
Hypothermia
American Red Cross. (n.d.). Hypothermia. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/hypothermia
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, February 7). Preventing hypothermia. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/prevention/index.html
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2018, June). First aid: Head injuries. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/head-injuries-sheet.html
The StayWell Company, LLC. (2022, September 1). First aid: Cold exposure. Available at: https://patienteducation.nationwidechildrens.org/RelatedItems/3,83432
Jaw Injury
American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. (n.d.). First aid 101 for head, neck and face injuries. Available at: https://www.aaoms.org/docs/media/facial_protection_month/first_aid_101_for_head_neck_and_face_injuries.pdf
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. (2023, June 4). Jaw – broken or dislocated. Available at: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/injury/jaw-broken-or-dislocated
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Library of Medicine. (2023, June 4). Broken or dislocated jaw. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000019.htm
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Menstrual Pain
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2018, December). Dysmenorrhea and endometriosis in the adolescent. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 132(6); e249-e258.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020, December). Dysmenorrhea: Painful periods. Available at: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/dysmenorrhea-painful-periods
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Library of Medicine. (2016, November 15). Period pain. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/periodpain.html
National Library of Medicine. (2022, April 19). Painful menstrual periods. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003150.htm
Nationwide Children’s. (2018, March). Dysmenorrhea (painful periods). Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/-/media/nch/for-medical-professionals/practice-tools-new/dysmenorrhea.ashx (downloads as pdf)
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Smith, R.P. & Kaunitz, A.M. (2023, April 18). Patient education: Painful menstrual periods (dysmenorrhea) (beyond the basics). In R.L. Barbieri (Ed.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/painful-menstrual-periods-dysmenorrhea-beyond-the-basics
Mental Health Emergency
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2021). What to do if your child is in crisis. Available at: https://www.nami.org/Your-Journey/Kids-Teens-and-Young-Adults/Kids/What-to-Do-If-Your-Child-Is-in-Crisis/
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nail Injury
American Academy of Dermatology Association. (2023, July 25). How to care for an injured nail. Available at: https://www.aad.org/news/how-to-care-for-an-injured-nail
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2022, May). Fingertip injuries and amputations. Available at: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/fingertip-injuries-and-amputations
Nationwide Children’s Hospital. (2023). Crush injuries of the fingertip. Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/crush-injuries-of-the-fingertip
National Library of Medicine. (2023, October 13). Nail injuries. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000800.htm
Neck Pain Not Caused by Injury
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. (2023). Meningitis infections in infants and children. Available at: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/head-neck-nervous-system/Pages/Meningitis.aspx
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, February 12). Meningococcal disease symptoms and complications. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/symptoms/index.html
Nemours Foundation. (2023, March). Meningitis in kids. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/meningitis.html
Nemours Foundation. (2023, March). What to do about a stiff neck? Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stiff-neck-sheet.html
Nose-Object in the Nose
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Isaacson, G.C. & Ojo, A. (2022, May 3). Diagnosis and management of intranasal foreign bodies. In A.M. Stack (Ed). UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-and-management-of-intranasal-foreign-bodies
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
UpToDate. (2024, March 4). Patient education: Removing objects stuck up the nose (The basics). Available at:
Nosebleed
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Messner, A.H. (2024, February). Management of epistaxis in children. In A.M Stack and G.C. Isaacson (Eds), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-epistaxis-in-children
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022, December 30). Nose injury. Available at: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/nose-injury/
Nose Injury
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. (n.d.). Cuts and wounds of the nose. Available at: https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/cuts-and-wounds-nose
National Library of Medicine. (2022, April 16). Nasal fracture – Aftercare. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000554.htm
Nationwide Children’s. (n.d.). Contusions & bruises. Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/contusions-bruises
Nationwide Children’s. (2023, February 1). Cuts and wounds of the nose. Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/cuts-and-wounds-of-the-nose
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022, December 30). Nose injury. Available at: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/nose-injury/
Not Feeling Well
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2020). Fever. Available at: https://northseattlepediatrics.com/wp-content/plugins/appleseed-aap-parent-education/pdf/ppe_document050_en.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2023, January). What to do about a fever (high temperature). Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fever-sheet.html
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022). Fever age 6-21. Available at: https://northseattlepediatrics.com/wp-content/plugins/appleseed-aap-parent-education/pdf/ppe_schmitt_106.pdf [downloads as pdf]
Ward, M. A. (2024, February 29). Patient education: Fever in children. (Beyond the basics). In M. S. Edwards (Ed). UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fever-in-children-beyond-the-basics
Poisoning
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Environmental Protection Agency. (2024, January 19). First aid in case of pesticide exposure. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-incidents/first-aid-case-pesticide-exposure
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2022, July). First aid: Poisoning. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/poisoning-sheet.html
StayWell Company. (2022, April 1). First aid: Poisoning. Available at: https://patienteducation.nationwidechildrens.org/Library/Encyclopedia/3,83424
StayWell Company. (2023, August 1). First aid for poisoning in a child. Available at: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/first-aid-for-poisonings-in-a-child
Rashes
Allmon, A., Deane, K., & Martin, K. L. (2015). Common skin rashes in children. American Family Physician, 92(3), 211–216.
American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Dermatology. (2023, June 1). 12 Common summertime skin rashes in children. Available at: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Common-Summertime-Skin-Rashes-in-Children.aspx
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Bock, K. & Kronberg, S. (n.d.). Name That rash! Common skin eruptions in children and teens. Available at: https://www.childrensmercy.org/siteassets/media-documents-for-depts-section/documents-for-in-the-community/school-health-support/name-that-rash-common-skin-eruptions-in-children.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Jakubowski, T. L., Perron, T. J., & Teixeira, E. (2015). Rashes in school: Can they stay, or should they go?. NASN School Nurse (Print), 30(5), 274–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X15596815
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Olympia R. P. (2017). School nurses on the front lines of medicine: Connecting the dots: SCRIPTS for success in the evaluation of pediatric rashes. NASN School Nurse (Print), 32(3), 172–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X17695269
Santana. N. (2019, July 24). Rashes in school: Should they stay or should they go? [PPT]. Available at: https://www.texaschildrens.org/sites/default/files/uploads/School%20Rashes.pdf
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022, December 30). Rash or redness – Localized. Available at: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/rash-or-redness-localized/
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2023, January 24). Rash or redness – Widespread. Available at: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/rash-or-redness-widespread/
Seizures
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2023, November 6). Seizure first aid for children. Available at: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/seizures/Pages/Seizure-First-Aid-for-Children.aspx
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, May 5). First aid for seizures. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Epilepsy Foundation of America. (2020). Seizure first aid. Available at: https://www.epilepsy.com/sites/default/files/atoms/files/SFA%20Flier_HQ_8.5x11_PDF.pdf
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Association of School Nurses. (2020, August). Seizures algorithm for the management of medical emergencies. Available at: https://learn.nasn.org/courses/25694/sections/28761/documents/33775
National Association of School Nurses. (2023).Basic seizure/epilepsy first aid recommendations. Available at: https://learn.nasn.org/courses/63450/sections/71202/documents/95161
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Snake Bite
American Red Cross. (n.d.). Venomous snake bites. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/venomous-snake-bites
American Red Cross. (2020). American Red Cross focused updates and guidelines 2020. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/training-services/course-fact-sheets/American-Red-Cross-Focused-Updates-and-Guidelines-2020.pdf
Children’s Hospital of Orange County. (2017, July 14). A parent’s guide to treating snakebites. Available at: https://health.choc.org/treating-snakebites/
National Library of Medicine. (2023, November 2). Snake bites. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000031.htm
Texas Department of State Health Services. (n.d.). Snake bites. Available at: https://www.dshs.texas.gov/notifiable-conditions/zoonosis-control/animal-bites/venom/snake
Sore Throat
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, April 17). Sore throat basics. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/sore-throat/about/index.html#print
Numerous Foundation. (2023, March). What to do about a sore throat. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sore-throat-sheet.html
Olympia R. P. (2016). School nurses on the front lines of medicine: A student with fever and sore throat. NASN School Nurse (Print), 31(3), 150–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X16642252
Wald, E.R. (2022, November 21). Patient education: Sore throat in children (Beyond the basics). In M.S. Edwards (Ed.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sore-throat-in-children-beyond-the-basics
Splinter
Mayo Clinic. (2024, May 8). Foreign object in the skin: First aid. Available at: https://mayoclinic/first-aid/first-aid/basics/art-20056604
Nemours Kids Health (2024). How to handle a splinter. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/splinters-sheet-html
WebMD. (2024, September 19). Splinters treatment. Available at: https://webmd.com/first-aid/splinters-treatment
Stomach Pain
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Healthwise. (2023, October 19). Abdominal pain in children: Care instructions. Available at: https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.abdominal-pain-in-children-care-instructions.ut1862
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Library of Medicine. (2023, July 1). Abdominal pain- children under age 12. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007504.htm
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Children’s Health. (2023, March). What to do about stomachaches. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/stomachaches-sheet.html
Olympia, R. P., & Brady, J. (2016). School nurses on the front lines of medicine: An adolescent female student with severe abdominal pain. NASN School Nurse (Print), 31(5), 271–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1942602X16654172
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines, LLC. (2022, December 30). Abdominal pain – Female. Available at: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/abdominal-pain-female/
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2022, December 30). Emergency symptoms not to miss. Available at: https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/emergency-symptoms-not-to-miss/
WebMD. (2021, July 20). Abdominal pain in children treatment. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/abdominal-pain-in-children-treatment
WebMD. (2024, March 15). Stomachache and nausea (Children). Available at: https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/stomachache-and-nausea-children
Ticks
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, April 10). Tick bite: What to do. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/pdfs/FS_TickBite-508.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Hu, L. (2023, June 26). Evaluation of a tick bite for possible Lyme disease. In A.C. Steere (Ed.), UpToDate. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-a-tick-bite-for-possible-lyme-disease
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Numerous Foundation. (2023, June). Tick removal: A step-by-step guide. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tick-removal.html
Numerous Foundation. (2023, June). What to do about tick bites. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tick-bites-sheet.html
Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC. (2023). Tick bite. Available at: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/tips-tools/symptom-checker/Pages/symptomviewer.aspx?symptom=Tick+Bite
Unconsciousness
American Red Cross. (n.d.). Unresponsive & breathing person. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/unresponsive-and-breathing-person
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
National Library of Medicine. (2023, January 2). Unconsciousness- first aid. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000022.htm
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Vomiting
American Red Cross. (n.d.). Vomiting. Available at: https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/vomiting
Arizona Department of Health Services. (2017, June). Emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/prevention/womens-childrens-health/cyshcn/nursing/emergency-school-guidelines.pdf
Colorado Department of Education. (2022). CO emergency guidelines for schools. Available at: https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/coloradoemergencyguidelinesforschools
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, September). Emergency first aid guidelines for Michigan schools. Available at: https://www.michigan.gov/mde/-/media/Project/Websites/mde/ohns/School-Health-and-Safety/Emergency-Guidelines-for-School-Final-10-10-23.pdf?rev=85e0718dcc2f48519c1496c229b25e53&hash=859114CA95869ACCE8EE25817B6DE3DF
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. (2020). Emergency guidelines for schools and childcare facilities. Available at: https://health.mo.gov/living/families/schoolhealth/pdf/emergency-guidelines-for-schools-and-childcare.pdf
Nebraska Emergency Medical Services for Children. (2023). Emergency guidelines for Nebraska schools. Available at: https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-Edition-Emergency-Guideline-for-Nebraska-Schools.pdf
Nemours Foundation. (2023, April). How to handle vomiting. Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vomiting-sheet.html